Question 1

What are the five Contact Prayers (Salat)?

Accepted Answer

The five daily Contact Prayers are: Fajr (Dawn), Dhuhr (Noon), Asr (Afternoon), Maghrib (Sunset), and Isha (Night). God decrees them at specific times (Quran 4:103).

Question 2

How are prayer times calculated?

Accepted Answer

Prayer times are calculated astronomically based on the sun's position relative to the horizon. Fajr begins at dawn (sun 18° below horizon), Dhuhr at solar noon, Asr when shadows equal object height, Maghrib at sunset, and Isha when twilight disappears (sun 17° below horizon).